There are many different types of laser available in dentistry today, but the main use in periodontal treatment is for performing various kinds of soft tissue surgery. The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in particular has been used in both general surgery and periodontal surgery for many years, with the main advantages being speed of use, hemostasis (lack of bleeding), improved visibility and often the elimination of the need to use sutures.

Although it has also been claimed that laser surgery heals faster and with less postoperative discomfort, this has not been confirmed in controlled clinical trials.

The advantages of the CO2 laser over conventional surgical techniques are most apparent when performing minor procedures such as frenectomies, biopsies and minor tissue reshaping or resections (gingivectomies).

More detailed information on lasers can be found at the American Academy of Periodontology website in "Lasers in Periodontics", which may be reviewed in detail at